WebSphere Application Server
Q.1. What is ND?
A. Network Deployment
Q.2. What is a Cluster?
A. Cluster is a logical name assigned to group of servers (JVMs).
Q.3. What are the different types of clusters?
A. Horizontal and Vertical cluster
Q.4. What is Horizontal and Vertical cluster?
A. A vertical cluster has cluster members on the same node, or a physical machine. A horizontal cluster has cluster members on multiple nodes across many machines in a cell.
Q.5. What is the difference between WAS v5.x and 6.x?
A. New concepts like Profiles and SIB (System Integration Bus) are introduced in v 6.0.
Q.6. What is the difference between an Application Server and a Web Server?
A. Application Servers hosts the java applications and Web Server is basically used for serving static HTML pages.
Q.7. What is a Plugin? Where is it installed?
A. WebSphere plug-in integrates with the HTTP Server and directs requests for WebSphere resources (servlets, JSPs, etc.) to the Websphere application server. The WebSphere plug-in uses a configuration file called plugin-cfg.xml file to determine which requests are to be handled by WebSphere. As applications are deployed to the WebSphere configuration, this file must be regenerated (typically using the Administration Console) and distributed to all Web servers, so that they know which URL requests to direct to WebSphere.
Q.8. What is the advantage of using Clusters?
A. Clustering provides workload management and failover of URL and EJB requests. The cluster can be on the same node or on different nodes.
Q.9. What is JDBC, JNDI?
A. JDBC – Java Database Connectivity
JNDI – Java Naming and Directory Interface.
Q.10. What is the command to add a node to the deployment manager?
A. $WAS_HOME/bin/addNode.sh NDHostName SOAPport
Q.11. With Java2Security enabled on WebSphere Application Server, and you are performing an Enterprise Application deployment, what security file is open during deployment?
A. was.policy
Q.12. Java2Security is enabled at the global level, and an application is deployed to a clustered vm, with a pair of cluster members. The application encountered performance problems due to Java2Security. The application team receives a waiver to disable Java2Security. Does J2Security need to be disabled at the global level or can it be disabled at the server level, leaving Java2Security enabled for other applications?
A. It can be disabled at the server level leaving it enabled for any other applications.
Q.13. What directory / directories might you find the following IBM script in a Network Deployment configuration?
PropFilePasswordEncoder.sh
A.under the bin directory for both the nodeagent / deployment manager
Q.14. Identify how you would use the PropFilePasswordEncoder.sh to encode the password for the following userid in the sas.client..props
# RMI/IIOP user identity
com.ibm.CORBA.loginUserid=websphere
com.ibm.CORBA.loginPassword=test123
A.
./bin/ PropFilePasswordEncoder.sh ../properties/sas.client.props com.ibm.CORBA.loginPassword
Q.15. Identify the steps to enable the PMI (Performance Monitoring Interface).
A. From the Admin Console -> Monitoring and Tuning -> Performance Monitoring Infrastructure – Select the sever that you want to enable and select the Enable the Performance Monitoring Infrastructure.
Q.16. What is Garbage Collection?
A. Garbage collection is a process of automatically freeing objects that are no longer referenced by the program.
Q.17. Where would you enable Verbose Garbage Collection?
A. From the Admin Console:
Application Server -> ServerName -> Process Definition -> Java Virtural Machine – Select verbose garbage collection radio button.
Q.18. What log file would the verbose garbage collection output appear in?
A. native_stdout.log
Q 19. What is the IBM utility script that you can run to take a backup of the WebSphere configuration?
A. backupConfig.sh
Q. Using the Admin Console, where would you find an applications context root?
A. Enterprise Application -> Application - > Additional Properties –> View deployment descriptor.
Q. Using the Admin Console, how to find out the JVM HTTP port?
A. WAS 5.x
– Admin Console -> Servers -> Application Servers -> JVM -> Web Container -> HTTP Transports.
WAS 6.x
- Admin Console -> Servers -> Application Servers -> JVM -> Expand Ports under communications.
Q. How to find the admin console port?
A.
Q. What is a Replication Domain?
A. A replication domain is a collection of replicator entry (or replicator) instances used by clusters or individual servers within a cell.
All replicators within a replication domain connect with each other, forming a network of replicators.
The default is to define a replication domain for a cluster when creating the cluster. However, replication domains can span across clusters.
Global default settings apply to all replication use for a given replication domain across a cell. Most default settings tune and control the behavior of replicator entries in managed servers across the cell. Such default settings control the use of encryption or the serialization and transferring of objects. Some default settings tune and control how specific WebSphere Application Server functions (for example, session manager and dynamic caching) leverage replication, such as session use of partitions.
For situations that require settings values other than the default, change the values for a given replication domain on the Internal Replication Domains page. Settings include various resource allocation, replication strategies (such as grouping or partitioning) and methods, as well as some security related items.
If you are using replication for HttpSession failover, you might also need to filter where the session replicates. For example, only replicate to two places out of many. The global default settings define the partition size or number of groups and the session manager settings define the groups to which a particular instance belongs.
Filtering is less important if you are using replication to distribute information on invalid data and actual cached data maintained by a Web container's dynamic caching. Replication does not occur for failover as much as for data synchronization across a cluster or cell when you likely want to avoid expensive costs for generating data potentially needed across those various servers.
Note that you can filter or segment by using multiple replication domains.
Q. What is SIB (Service Integration Bus)?
Q. What is the difference between SystemOut.log and SystemErr.log?
Q. What does native_stdout.log contains?
Q. What are the SDK versions supported on WAS 4, 4.X, 5, 5.X, 6, 6.X and 7?
A. WAS 7 – SDK 1.6
WAS 6.1.x – SDK 1.5
WAS 6.0.x – SDK 1.4.2
WAS 5.1.1 – SDK 1.4.2
WAS 5.1 – SDK 1.4.1
WAS 5.0.x – SDK 1.3.1
Q. How to check WAS Version / Build Level?
A. ./WAS_HOME/bin/versionInfo.sh
Q. What is the Default SOAP port number?
A. 8879
Q. What are different ways to capture heap dumps for a Websphere JVM?
Q. What do you understand by the term JMS?
A. Java Message Services, JMS, is Sun's standard API for message queuing systems. Message queuing systems form the front-line interface between businesses (B2B) and for Enterprise Application Integration (EAI). As such, message queuing systems are often called "middleware" because they operate in the middle -- between other systems and between enterprises.
Q. What are the different JMS providers available in different WAS versions?
A. WAS 6
WebSphere Embedded Messaging
WebSphere MQ
Generic
V5 Default Messaging
WAS 5
Generic JMS Provider
WebSphere JMS Provider
WebSphere MQ JMS Provider
Q. What are console user roles available in WAS 5 and 6?
A. WAS 5 and WAS 6
Administrator
Configurator
Operator
Monitor
Q. What are the authentication mechanisms available for Global Security in WAS?
A. 1. LTPA (Light weight Third Party Application)
2. SWAM (Simple WebSphere Authentication Mechanism)
Q. What are the User Registries supported by WebSphere for Global Security?
A. Local OS, LDAP and Custom User Registry
Q. How to change the JVM/Process/Diagnostic Trace log file locations for any JVM?
A. 1. Login to the Admin Console.
Q. What are the different types of logs available in WebSphere?
A.
Diagnostic Trace
JVM Logs
Process Logs
IBM Service Logs
A. Network Deployment
Q.2. What is a Cluster?
A. Cluster is a logical name assigned to group of servers (JVMs).
Q.3. What are the different types of clusters?
A. Horizontal and Vertical cluster
Q.4. What is Horizontal and Vertical cluster?
A. A vertical cluster has cluster members on the same node, or a physical machine. A horizontal cluster has cluster members on multiple nodes across many machines in a cell.
Q.5. What is the difference between WAS v5.x and 6.x?
A. New concepts like Profiles and SIB (System Integration Bus) are introduced in v 6.0.
Q.6. What is the difference between an Application Server and a Web Server?
A. Application Servers hosts the java applications and Web Server is basically used for serving static HTML pages.
Q.7. What is a Plugin? Where is it installed?
A. WebSphere plug-in integrates with the HTTP Server and directs requests for WebSphere resources (servlets, JSPs, etc.) to the Websphere application server. The WebSphere plug-in uses a configuration file called plugin-cfg.xml file to determine which requests are to be handled by WebSphere. As applications are deployed to the WebSphere configuration, this file must be regenerated (typically using the Administration Console) and distributed to all Web servers, so that they know which URL requests to direct to WebSphere.
Q.8. What is the advantage of using Clusters?
A. Clustering provides workload management and failover of URL and EJB requests. The cluster can be on the same node or on different nodes.
Q.9. What is JDBC, JNDI?
A. JDBC – Java Database Connectivity
JNDI – Java Naming and Directory Interface.
Q.10. What is the command to add a node to the deployment manager?
A. $WAS_HOME/bin/addNode.sh NDHostName SOAPport
Q.11. With Java2Security enabled on WebSphere Application Server, and you are performing an Enterprise Application deployment, what security file is open during deployment?
A. was.policy
Q.12. Java2Security is enabled at the global level, and an application is deployed to a clustered vm, with a pair of cluster members. The application encountered performance problems due to Java2Security. The application team receives a waiver to disable Java2Security. Does J2Security need to be disabled at the global level or can it be disabled at the server level, leaving Java2Security enabled for other applications?
A. It can be disabled at the server level leaving it enabled for any other applications.
Q.13. What directory / directories might you find the following IBM script in a Network Deployment configuration?
PropFilePasswordEncoder.sh
A.under the bin directory for both the nodeagent / deployment manager
Q.14. Identify how you would use the PropFilePasswordEncoder.sh to encode the password for the following userid in the sas.client..props
# RMI/IIOP user identity
com.ibm.CORBA.loginUserid=websphere
com.ibm.CORBA.loginPassword=test123
A.
./bin/ PropFilePasswordEncoder.sh ../properties/sas.client.props com.ibm.CORBA.loginPassword
Q.15. Identify the steps to enable the PMI (Performance Monitoring Interface).
A. From the Admin Console -> Monitoring and Tuning -> Performance Monitoring Infrastructure – Select the sever that you want to enable and select the Enable the Performance Monitoring Infrastructure.
Q.16. What is Garbage Collection?
A. Garbage collection is a process of automatically freeing objects that are no longer referenced by the program.
Q.17. Where would you enable Verbose Garbage Collection?
A. From the Admin Console:
Application Server -> ServerName -> Process Definition -> Java Virtural Machine – Select verbose garbage collection radio button.
Q.18. What log file would the verbose garbage collection output appear in?
A. native_stdout.log
Q 19. What is the IBM utility script that you can run to take a backup of the WebSphere configuration?
A. backupConfig.sh
Q. Using the Admin Console, where would you find an applications context root?
A. Enterprise Application -> Application - > Additional Properties –> View deployment descriptor.
Q. Using the Admin Console, how to find out the JVM HTTP port?
A. WAS 5.x
– Admin Console -> Servers -> Application Servers -> JVM -> Web Container -> HTTP Transports.
WAS 6.x
- Admin Console -> Servers -> Application Servers -> JVM -> Expand Ports under communications.
Q. How to find the admin console port?
A.
Q. What is a Replication Domain?
A. A replication domain is a collection of replicator entry (or replicator) instances used by clusters or individual servers within a cell.
All replicators within a replication domain connect with each other, forming a network of replicators.
The default is to define a replication domain for a cluster when creating the cluster. However, replication domains can span across clusters.
Global default settings apply to all replication use for a given replication domain across a cell. Most default settings tune and control the behavior of replicator entries in managed servers across the cell. Such default settings control the use of encryption or the serialization and transferring of objects. Some default settings tune and control how specific WebSphere Application Server functions (for example, session manager and dynamic caching) leverage replication, such as session use of partitions.
For situations that require settings values other than the default, change the values for a given replication domain on the Internal Replication Domains page. Settings include various resource allocation, replication strategies (such as grouping or partitioning) and methods, as well as some security related items.
If you are using replication for HttpSession failover, you might also need to filter where the session replicates. For example, only replicate to two places out of many. The global default settings define the partition size or number of groups and the session manager settings define the groups to which a particular instance belongs.
Filtering is less important if you are using replication to distribute information on invalid data and actual cached data maintained by a Web container's dynamic caching. Replication does not occur for failover as much as for data synchronization across a cluster or cell when you likely want to avoid expensive costs for generating data potentially needed across those various servers.
Note that you can filter or segment by using multiple replication domains.
Q. What is SIB (Service Integration Bus)?
Q. What is the difference between SystemOut.log and SystemErr.log?
Q. What does native_stdout.log contains?
Q. What are the SDK versions supported on WAS 4, 4.X, 5, 5.X, 6, 6.X and 7?
A. WAS 7 – SDK 1.6
WAS 6.1.x – SDK 1.5
WAS 6.0.x – SDK 1.4.2
WAS 5.1.1 – SDK 1.4.2
WAS 5.1 – SDK 1.4.1
WAS 5.0.x – SDK 1.3.1
Q. How to check WAS Version / Build Level?
A. ./WAS_HOME/bin/versionInfo.sh
Q. What is the Default SOAP port number?
A. 8879
Q. What are different ways to capture heap dumps for a Websphere JVM?
Q. What do you understand by the term JMS?
A. Java Message Services, JMS, is Sun's standard API for message queuing systems. Message queuing systems form the front-line interface between businesses (B2B) and for Enterprise Application Integration (EAI). As such, message queuing systems are often called "middleware" because they operate in the middle -- between other systems and between enterprises.
Q. What are the different JMS providers available in different WAS versions?
A. WAS 6
WebSphere Embedded Messaging
WebSphere MQ
Generic
V5 Default Messaging
WAS 5
Generic JMS Provider
WebSphere JMS Provider
WebSphere MQ JMS Provider
Q. What are console user roles available in WAS 5 and 6?
A. WAS 5 and WAS 6
Administrator
Configurator
Operator
Monitor
Q. What are the authentication mechanisms available for Global Security in WAS?
A. 1. LTPA (Light weight Third Party Application)
2. SWAM (Simple WebSphere Authentication Mechanism)
Q. What are the User Registries supported by WebSphere for Global Security?
A. Local OS, LDAP and Custom User Registry
Q. How to change the JVM/Process/Diagnostic Trace log file locations for any JVM?
A. 1. Login to the Admin Console.
Q. What are the different types of logs available in WebSphere?
A.
Diagnostic Trace
JVM Logs
Process Logs
IBM Service Logs
1) Explain what is Web-Sphere?
Web-sphere is a tool based on Java and developed by IBM, to manage and create websites. Web-sphere is often used to build interactive web-oriented applications that support business functions required for e-commerce, it integrates all the data across different operating system and applications.
2) Mention what are the important component of Web-Sphere?
Important components of Web-Sphere are
- WebSphere Application Server or WAS : It connects the website users with Java servlets
- Data–Server: For data persistence
- Web–server: It provides the service of HTTP
3) Mention some of the features available in Web-sphere?
Some of the features available in Web-sphere includes
- It supports the servlet/JSP container functionality that runs on top of HTTP
- It supports HTTP servers as IBM HTTP server, Netscape iPlanet server, and MS IIS
- It supports Java Server Pages, HTML pages, Servlets and XML
- It supports EJB component model and Workload Management.
4) Mention how does a WebSphere or any Application server clustering work?
A WebSphere’s web server plugin component routes requests to WebSphere cluster web containers. If there is a communication failure with a particular cluster member, it will mark that member down and start routing all requests to the remaining cluster member till the original is available.
5) Mention what type of files are required to deploy an application into Websphere?
WAR or EAR files are required to deploy an application into Web-sphere.
6) Mention what is asymmetric clustering in Web-sphere?
In asymmetric clustering, the partition can be defined dynamically and runs on a single cluster at a time. The task which is particular to an appropriate cluster can be routed to that cluster. Usually, clustering is used by banks.
7) Explain what is node, node agent and node groups?
- Node: It is a logical grouping of server processes maintained by WebSphere and that share common configuration and operational control
- Nodeagent: Each node has a nodeagent that works along with the deployment manager to manage administration processes. It acts as a mediator between the node and deployment manager
- Node Group: A node group is a grouping of nodes within a cell that have same capabilities
8) Explain what is a cell in WebSphere?
A cell is referred as a grouping of nodes into a single administrative domain. A cell can have multiple nodes which are all managed from a single point.
9) Mention what are the default ports you use to use WebSphere Application Sphere?
The default ports you use are HTTP: 9080 and HTTP: 9443
10) Mention when does WebSphere Application server contact the registry for user information?
Web-sphere application server contact the registry for user when users
- Checks the users password
- Maps certificate information to a userid
- Converts userid to registry uniqueid
- Obtains group information
11) Explain what is WebSphere is MQ?
WebSphere MQ is an application program that allows you to communicate with each other using messages and queues. This form of communication is referred as commercial messaging. There are two methods for application to communicate, Request/Response and Fire & Forget.
12) Explain what is QueueManager in IBM Websphere MQ?
QueueManager is the important component of WebSphere MQ. It is accountable for storing and routing messages to other queue manager within MQ, and it also communicate with the outside world.
13) Explain what is SSLPEER in IBM Websphere MQ?
SSLPEER is a string usually distinguished name of MQ client, which links to QueueManager securely using QueueManager. This is a mechanism used to identify client.
14) Explain what is extended deployment in WebSphere?
The extended deployment in WebSphere leverages enhanced qualities of service with features optimizing IT resources. It spans three areas
- WebSphere Virtual Enterprise
- WebSphere eXtreme Scale
- Compute Grid
15) Explain what is WebSphere edge server?
The WebSphere edge server is used to enhance the performance of web based systems. It can be used as a proxy server. There are basically four components in the web sphere they are caching proxy, content distribution, network dispatcher and application server at the edge.
16) Explain how caching proxy of WebSphere on the edge server is done?
A caching proxy can be configured in forward direction or as a proxy. When user requests the content, it is cached by the edge before sending or following to the query. Page fragments arising from Servlets or JSP are cached by Edge, and the Caching process becomes Slow. Performance and scalability can be optimized by edge.
17) Mention what functionality does caching proxy server provides?
Caching server provides functionality like
- Reverse proxy and content based routing
- Integration with servlet caching and dynamic content caching
18) Mention what are the Websphere MQ programming APIs?
Websphere MQ programming APIs include
- AMI (Application Messaging Interface)
- JMS (Java Message Service)
- MQI (Message Queue Interface)
19) Mention which resource can enhance EARs support apart from shared libraries and data sources?
Class loader policy, JAAS authentication aliases and virtual host information can enhance EARs support apart from EARs support and shared libraries.
20) Mention how many ways you can deploy the application in WebSphere?
In Websphere application can be deployed in three ways
- Copy files directly to deploy application folder in websphere
- Use websphere specific ant tasks create automated scripts for deploying application
- Via administration console
21) Mention what Sync function does in Websphere?
WAS (WebServer Application Server) stores all the configuration in one central location referred as “Master Repository”. The sync ensures the configuration in both local and master repositories are same and in sync.
22) Explain what is a connecting pool?
Connecting pool is a cache of database connections maintained so that connection can be re-used when future requests to the database are required. If all the connections are occupied, a new connection is created and is added to the pool.
23) Mention what is the difference between Websphere and Weblogic?
Websphere is focused more on connectivity, integration, and web services. It has better performance, rich implementation of J2EE, more extensive integration and transaction management compare to Weblogic.
Weblogic has default transaction attributes as supports, while websphere does not have such type of the default transaction attribute.
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